Solidification of paint on the depth of the layer occurs within a certain time and depends on the type of paint. The main types of solvents: ethyl alcohol, isopropyl and denatured (light), butanol (medium) and glycols (severe); esters – ethyl acetate (very easy), butyl acetate (Middle), ethyl acetate, glycol (heavy)-ketones – acetone (very easy), metaletilketon (easy), methyl isobutyl ketone (average), aromatic hydrocarbons – toluene (easy), xylene (middle), naphthalene solvent (Heavy) hydrocarbons – white spirit, turpentine, chlorinated solvents (trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene). ADDITIVES are chemicals that improve the properties of paints. They are added to the basic components of paint. Additives are different types:-fillers. Are powders of minerals dissolving in varnishes, and affect properties such as moisture resistance, resistance to abrasion, ease of processing by grinding. Fillers are asbestos, barytes, chalk, kaolin, mica, talc and other minerals. -Driers.
These funds are intended to accelerate the oxidation glyptal colors and are salts of organic acids – for example, salts of cobalt, lead, manganese, calcium, zirconium and zinc. In the dye is usually injected a mixture of driers. -Protivoplenochnye substance designed to protect the paint from oxidizing, packaged in cans. They increase the safety paint during storage. Inhibitors-oxidation – are volatile, so do not interfere with the action of driers in the use of paint. -Comedy.
In our time, little used. They contribute to the gloss varnish. However, their resistance decreases with time and become brittle. Natural gums are vegetable or animal origin (rosin, shellac). Synthetic gums are made up of ketone resins, etc. Methods of drying inks are related to their physical and chemical properties. Basic methods of drying two. 1. Physical drying. Is the evaporation of the solvent, resulting in a paint film. Physical drying thermoplastic acrylic are paint, cellulose paint and vinyl paint. 2. Chemical drying. Divided into types: oxidation-drying paint. Atmospheric oxygen causes oxidation of the surface of the paint film, which is due to the presence in the paint chemical agents, helps cure the resin. An example is the air-drying paint glyptal;-heat drying, is that the polymerization starts at a certain temperature. If desired temperature is reached or given a small excerpt of drying at a given temperature, the required quality paint coating is not provided. An example is acrylic paint termotverdeyuschie, epoxy-phenolic, glyptal;-polymerization using a catalyst, is that drying of resins made by polymerization, which occurs as a result of the second component – the catalyst which causes a chemical reaction. Period of use of such paints since. mixing of several hours. Examples are paint aminoplastovye with acid catalyst (hardener) epoxy-polyamide paint, polyester and polyurethane paints
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